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Fall 2006 ANTH 415: ANTHROPOLOGY of TOURISM T-Th 2:30 to 3:45, MH-420
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Instructor: Dr. Barbra Erickson Office: MH 426-D Office Hours: Tues and Thurs 4 to 6pm; Wed 3 to 7pm; also by appointment Office Phone: (714) 278-5697 Email: beerickson@fullerton.edu
OVERVIEW OF THE COURSE This course uses anthropological concepts and theory to analyze tourism and travel as cultural practices. Tourism is examined from the perspective of both travelers and hosts, both domestically and internationally. For example, what cultural beliefs and values have historically encouraged travel, exploration, trade, colonialism, and ultimately, modern tourism? Who engages in tourism, and what is tourism’s relationship with economy, social class, and leisure? What are some of the motivations for travel and tourism? How and why do travelers record, photograph, document, collect souvenirs from, or otherwise experience “the other?” Are anthropologists tourists? From the perspective of hosts, how and why do particular societies or culture groups seek to encourage or avoid the development of a tourist industry? How does tourism impact indigenous peoples, and ideas of cultural identity and authenticity? Symbolic aspects of tourism will also be considered, including the creation of sacred and symbolic places in the United States and abroad, and tours that function as pilgrimages.
PREREQUISITE: Anthropology 102
LEARNING GOALS The course learning goals are as follows:
REQUIRED TEXTS 1) Native Tours: the Anthropology of Travel and Tourism, by Erve Chambers. Prospect Heights EL: Waveland Press, 2000.
2) Between Place and Performance, edited by Simon Coleman and Mike Crang. Providence, RI: Berghahn Books, 2002.
3) Supplemental readings, consisting of articles on e-reserve and paper reserve in Pollack Library. (Full citations are listed after course schedule)
ASSIGNMENTS AND EXAMS
Assigned Readings and Discussions: Textbook chapters and/or supplemental articles are assigned on a weekly basis. Students should have read the articles prior to the class period(s) for which they are assigned, and should be prepared to participate in class discussion of the material. Participation in discussions and attendance is worth 75 points.
Response Papers: Students are required to write four response papers incorporating assigned reserved readings. Suggested length is 2 -3 pages. Response papers are worth 25 points each.
Class Presentation of Research Topic: All students will choose a research topic relevant to the course, prepare an oral presentation, and present it to the class. Style of presentation is left to the student: for example, visual or audio aids such as posters, video, music, power point, and so on MAY be used, but are not required. Each student will have a maximum of 10 minutes. Presentations may be done individually, or students may work in groups (maximum size 4). If group presentation is chosen, each student is allowed 10 minutes. Presentation is 75 points.
Presentation Summary: Each student will turn in a written summary of the presentation (or your part in the group presentation), including references used. Maximum length is 3 pages, plus references. Summary is worth 25 points.
Exams: There are two exams: a midterm and a final. You will be asked to write about topics covered in class (discussion, lecture, film), and/or in assigned readings. A study guide will be provided before each exam. Blue books are required. Each exam is worth 100 points.
EVALUATION OF COURSEWORK
Written assignments: Evaluated for content, quality of writing, and format. Content is weighted most heavily; student writing should clearly demonstrate an effort to understand, interpret, and discuss the material. Secondly, papers should follow standard rules for writing: for example, papers should have introductory and concluding paragraphs, and your points should be presented in an organized manner. Third, evaluation will take into account spelling, grammar, proper format and citation, number of typographical errors, and how well directions have been followed. NOTE: You are required to use American Anthropologist citation style. See the Anthropology Department website, any American Anthropologist journal, or the American Anthropology Association website http://www.aaanet.org/pubs/style_guide.htm, for style guide information.
Exams: Content is most important. What level of understanding and command of the material is demonstrated? Is the question answered completely? And of equal importance, can I read your handwriting?
Oral presentations: Evaluated in terms of content, clarity, organization, and preparation.
Class Discussions: Points for participation and attendance will be given for a combination of your presence in class, your contributions to discussions, and your active listening when class members are speaking.
ASSIGNMENT OF FINAL GRADES Final grades are based on the percentage of total points earned, from a possible 475 points.
CLASS POLICIES
Attendance and participation: Students are awarded both attendance and discussion points by being in class and participating. Attendance is worth 2 points per week (30 points possible), and participation in class discussion and/or small group discussion is worth 3 points per week (45 points possible). Partial points may be given for partial weekly attendance and limited participation in discussion. Students will necessarily lose both attendance and discussion points on days they are absent.
Make-up exams: Make-up exams are not automatically allowed. If you must miss an exam for an unavoidable reason, you must notify me before the exam, and you must provide verifiable documentation of the reason for your absence. If you have prior knowledge of special circumstances that will conflict with a test date, please discuss with me as far in advance as possible.
Assignments, Late Policy: All assignment must be typed, and should be as error-free as possible. Papers are evaluated on spelling and grammar as well as content. Please staple papers in the upper left corner. Assignments are expected on the due date; late papers will be penalized 5 points for each day late. Please do not email papers, unless prior arrangements have been made.
Academic Misconduct: Please consult the Student Handbook for University policies on academic misconduct. An important example of misconduct is plagiarism (the representation of another’s work, including information from the Internet, without acknowledgment), which will not be tolerated. Please consult me if you have any questions concerning proper citation, or what constitutes plagiarism.
Classroom courtesy: Much of our class time will be spent in discussions, or in listening to student presentations; please give your full attention to the speaker. Please turn off your cell phones before class.
COURSE SCHEDULE Note: “Chambers” and “Coleman & Crang” = your text books; other readings on E-Reserve
Week 1 (8/22, 8/24): Course Introduction, Historical Perspectives Readings: 1) Chambers, pp. 1-28 From Travel to Tourism
Week 2 (8/20, 8/31): Tourism and Leisure Readings: 1) Bruner (1989). Of Cannibals, Tourists, and Ethnographers. 2) Coleman & Crang: Leisure Practices and Geographical Knowledge
Week 3 (9/5, 9/7): Tourists and Hosts Readings: 1) Blundell (1995). Riding the Polar Bear Express and Other Encounters 2) Bruner and Kirshenblatt-Gimblett (1995). Maasai on the Lawn 3) Coleman & Crang: Globalization, Tourists, Locals, and the Contestations of Urban Space 4) Rodriguez (1998). Fiesta Time and Plaza Space: Resistance and Accommodation in a Tourist Town.
Week 4 (9/12, 9/14): Tourism, Economy, and Culture Change Film: “Cannibal Tours” Readings: 1) Adams (1992). Tourism and Sherpas, Nepal: Reconstruction of Reciprocity. 2) Chambers, pp. 29- 66. Tourism, Society, and the Political Economy 3) Errington and Gewertz (1996).The Individuation of Tradition in a Papua New Guinean Modernity. DUE: Response paper #1 (Reserve readings from Weeks 2 and 3)
Week 5 (9/19, 9/21): Domestic Tourism: Native Americans, Chinatown, and Wall Drugstore Readings: 1) Jett (1995). Navajo Sacred Places: Management and Interpretation of Mythic History 2) Sieber (1997). Urban Tourism in Revitalizing Downtowns: Conceptualizing Tourism in Boston 3) Sweet (1991). Let ‘em Loose: Pueblo Indian Management of Tourism 4) Coleman and Crang: On the Way to Wall, The Case of a Cow-town Drugstore.
Week 6 (9/26, 9/28): Discuss research topics and oral presentations; review. DUE: Response paper #1 (Reserve readings from Weeks 4 and 5) MIDTERM on Thursday, 9/28.
Week 7 (10/3, 10/5): Nature and Tourism Film: Amazon Journal Readings: 1) Chambers, pp. 67 – 92 Nature, Tourism, and the Environment 2) Hampton (1998). Backpacker Tourism and Economic Development
Week 8 (10/10, 10/12): Performance, Spectacle, and Pageantry Readings: 1) Chambers, pp. 110- 118. Material Culture, Performance (and etc.) 2) Picard (1990). ‘Cultural Tourism’ in Bali: Cultural Performances as Tourist Attractions. 3) Coleman & Crang: The Scottish Highlands as Spectacle 4) Coleman & Crang: Performing “America” in Takamiya, Japan
Week 9 (10/17, 10/19): Power of Place; Landscapes and other Culturescapes Readings: 1) Appadurai (1990). Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy. 2) Kahn (2000). Tahiti Intertwined: Ancestral Land, Tourist Postcard, and Nuclear Test Site. 3) Coleman & Crang: Thrill-Seeking Adventure Heroes in the Commodified Landscape DUE: Response paper #3 (Reserve readings Weeks 7 and 8)
Week 10 (10/21, 10/26): Tourists as Pilgrims: Tradition, Authenticity, and Ethnicity Readings: 1) Davis (1997). The Door of No Return: Reclaiming the Past through the Rhetoric of Pilgrimage. 2) Delaney (1990).The Hajj: Sacred and Secular. 3) Ebron (2000). Tourists as Pilgrims: Commercial Fashioning of Transatlantic Politics.
Week 11 (10/31, 11/2): Tradition, Authenticity, and Souvenirs Readings: 1) Bendix (1989). Tourism and Cultural Displays: Inventing Tradition for Whom? 2) Chambers, pp. 93-110. Tourism and Culture. [ethnicity & identity, etc.] 3) Handler (1998). Quest for Authenticity in “Living History” DUE: Response paper #4 (Reserve readings Weeks 9, 10, 11)
Week 12 (11/7, 11/9): Class presentations / discussion
Week 13 (11/14, 11/16): Class presentations / discussion
Holiday Break Week of 11/20 through 11/26
Week 14 (11/28, 11/30): Class presentations / discussion
Week 15 (12/5, 12/7): Class presentations / discussion
12/14/06 DUE: Research presentation summaries FINAL EXAM Thursday, 12/14 from 2:30 to 4:20.
Adams, Vicanne 1992 Tourism and Sherpas, Nepal: Reconstruction of Reciprocity. Annals of Tourism Research 19(4): 534-554.
Appadurai, Arjun 1990 Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy. Theory, Culture and Society 7:295-310.
Bendix, Regina 1989 Tourism and Cultural Displays: Inventing Tradition for Whom? Journal of American Folklore 102(404): 131-146.
Blundell, Valda 1995 Riding the Polar Bear Express; and Other Encounters Between Tourists and First Peoples in Canada. Journal of Canadian Studies 30(4): 28-51.
Bruner, Edward M. 1989 Of Cannibals, Tourists, and Ethnographers. Cultural Anthropology 4(4):439-46.
Bruner, Edward M. and Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett. 1995 Maasai on the Lawn: Tourism Realism in East Africa. Cultural Anthropology 9(4): 435-470.
Davis, Olga Idriss 1997 The Door of No Return: Reclaiming the Past through the Rhetoric of Pilgrimage. Western Journal of Black Studies 21(3):156-161.
Delaney, Carol 1990 The Hajj: Sacred and Secular. American Ethnologist 17(3):513-530.
Ebron, Paulla A. 2000 Tourists as Pilgrims: Commercial Fashioning of Transatlantic Politics. American Ethnologist 26(4): 910-932.
Errington, Frederick and Deborah Gewertz 1996 The Individuation of Tradition in a Papua New Guinean Modernity. American Anthropologist 98(1): 114-126.
Hampton, Mark P. 1998 Backpacker Tourism and Economic Development. Annals of Tourism Research 25(3):639-660.
Handler, Richard, and William Saxon 1998 Dyssimulation, Reflexivity, Narrative, and the Quest for Authenticity in “Living History.” Cultural Anthropology 3(3):242-260. Jett, Stephen C. 1995 Navajo Sacred Places: Management and Interpretation of Mythic History. Public Historian 17(2):39-47.
Kahn, Miriam 2000 Tahiti Intertwined: Ancestral Land, Tourist Postcard, and Nuclear Test Site. American Anthropologist 102(1): 7-26.
Picard, M. 1990 ‘Cultural Tourism’ in Bali: Cultural Performances as Tourist Attractions. Indonesia 49: 37-74.
Rodriguez, Sylvia 1998 Fiesta Time and Plaza Space: Resistance and Accommodation in a Tourist Town. Journal of American Folklore 111(439): 39-56.
Sieber, R. Timothy 1997 Urban Tourism in Revitalizing Downtowns: Conceptualizing Tourism in Boston, Massachusetts. In, Tourism and Culture: An Applied Perspective. Erve Chambers, ed. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Sweet, Jill D. 1991 “Let ‘em Loose:” Pueblo Indian Management of Tourism. American Indian Culture and Research Journal 15(4):59-74.
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Link to the additional materials:
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